~Catalog 
1. What is a large space? 
2.  The importance and complexity of large space monitoring. 
3.  Large space monitoring term introduction 1 - "pixel density" -  requirement for clarity 
4.  Large space monitoring term introduction 2  - "invalid pixels" - waste of pixels 
5. The existing large space monitoring solutions and problems 
6. Our solution - super HD video tracker 
7. The advantage of super HD video tracker 
8. Super HD video tracker installation conditions and equipment parameters in highway

What is a large space? 
Large space monitoring refers to the continuous space open without visual partition. In the field of monitoring, the main difference between small space monitoring is that large space monitoring cannot be achieved with a single camera but need to use a combination of multiple cameras or PTZ camera monitoring to achieve most covering. 
For example, the highway toll station and service area, all belong to large space.

  
The importance and complexity of large space monitoring 
Compared with the small space monitoring, large space monitoring range is bigger, more moving object, lack of physical isolation, etc. The openness and liquidity of the large space determines its frequently happened violations. A lot of illegal and criminal behavior and mass incidents occurred in the large space area. So large space monitoring has been a top priority in the field of monitoring. 
But due to the large space is usually open public area, with more moving object and need to monitor more complete coverage. A single camera can't do, it has blind spot. Therefore, large space monitoring is the most complex one in monitoring field. It's hard to make early warning in the large space monitoring, a lot of them become decorations. Unclear image or blind angle found during replay, can't see the violations.

Large space monitoring term introduction 1 - "pixel density" -  requirement for clarity 
Below picture 1  shows the different resolution required "pixel density", such as a 2 million pixels (1920 x 1080 resolution) camera, if it illuminates the target scene with width of 10m, then its pixel density in width= 1920 / 10 = 192 pix/m. Resolution between 164 pix/m and 246 pix/m in picture 1. 
When monitoring goes into the digital age, the pixel density should be an important basis when we design definition of monitor system. 
In practice, if monitoring system only requires monitoring of overall situation, doesn't need to identify the faces, identify license plate, and even look at the cashier's note denomination, the pixel density of 70 pix/m will be enough. Otherwise, 130 pix/m or even as many as 250 pix/m pixel density is your basic requirement.

Picture 1 Effects in different resolution (pix/m)

Large space monitoring term introduction 2 - "invalid pixels" - waste of pixels 
In the design and implementation of the monitoring system, often appear "invalid pixels". 
It is a kind of surveillance cameras vision beyond monitoring body, occupies camera pixels with irrelevant area, so these pixels are wasteful, namely "invalid pixels. 
Shown in the following picture (picture 2), if our purpose is to monitor the parking lot, so area outside of red box is "invalid pixels.

Picture 2: pixel waste in parking lot monitoring

Another "invalid pixels" situation is multiple surveillance cameras' monitoring field overlap, images of the overlapping area is repeated, but takes up multiple cameras pixels, so it is a waste of pixels. 
Shown in the picture below (Picture 3), it is a typical design of complete coverage of the hall, to place cameras in four corners respectively. Each camera's visual range and cameras are marked, in which the red circle showing area of serious overlap, such four cameras' all pixels are in the same monitoring subject, if each camera 2 million pixels, the four sets of a total of 8 million pixels camera, due to the pixel overlapping it is still equivalent to a 2 million pixels camera. 
  
Picture 3: pixel waste in using the four corners covered cameras 
The existing large space monitoring solutions and problems 
Existing large space monitoring solution has two kinds: one is using multiple fixed cameras to cover alternating exposure, the second is to use PTZ spherical camera monitoring, through PTZ rotation and telescopic camera around 360 degrees monitoring camera lens. Existing common camera pixels in 1.3 million or 2 million or so, there is also a D1 resolution of the old camera (300000 pixels).These two methods have their own disadvantages. 
Using the first method will greatly increase the cost, including the cost of the camera itself, as well as the supporting facilities, auxiliary materials, wiring, installation, maintenance costs will increase. Secondly, it lacks integrity and logical. The monitoring center can only see part of the scene, lost the relevance between the various parts. If the moving object moves from one camera into another camera vision, it is easy to get lost and cannot make overall analysis. 
Using the second way of PTZ camera for a wide range of coverage also has its own disadvantages. First if PTZ camera monitoring the most widespread whole scene, it can only monitor the overall, but lost the details. In other words, the pixel density is very low. When PTZ cameras get closer, magnified a certain area, improve the resolution, then it will miss a overall monitoring and video, it is very dangerous. Similarly when the camera turns to a certain angle, it missed other position monitoring and video. In addition, PTZ camera in the process of actual use is inconvenient, utilization rate is very low, very few researchers used PTZ camera monitoring center, generally in the panorama mode, video playback can't see anything.

Our solution - super HD video tracker 
Our 14 million and 20 million pixels super HD video tracker by the latest sensor technology and FPGA technology, can provide high resolution and conforms to the human eye view of panoramic surveillance images, through a tracking device can achieve seamless whole coverage of the big scene, also can see details at the same time, and can be optical automatic tracking of suspicious objects.

As shown in Picture 4, super HD video tracking devices have the following functions: 
1. can provide a panoramic view of the high resolution images, no dead angle. 
2. can set video rules, to find violation automatically and warning 
3. according to the alarm levels, can automatically realize the multiple electronic tracking of suspicious objects. 
4. for high level alarm suspicious objects, it can realize automatic optical tracking amplification.

Picture 4: screenshot of 20 million pixels super HD video tracker user interface

The advantage of super HD video tracker 
Use Huanglishu service area as an example, max length 320m, max width 120m 
Traditional equipment location as shown in picture 5, full coverage of 9 ball machine and 2 gun machine

Picture 5: service area traditional stationing figure 
  
With high-definition video tracker service area stationing as shown in Picture 6, a total of 4 can make full cover, and provide clearer image effect.

  
Picture 6: high-definition video tracker points figure

  
Therefore, we can see that compared to traditional solutions, high-definition video tracker has the following obvious advantages: 
Advantage 1: high-definition video tracker without reducing the pixel density can greatly improve coverage at the same time, a high-definition video tracker can replace several to dozens of traditional camcorder. 
Advantage 2: reduce installation costs, speed up the project schedule. As shown in picture 5 and 6, equipment number reduced more than half, both auxiliary material and installation maintenance cost greatly reduced. 
Advantage 3: due to the high clear video tracker high pixels, viewing angle is big, therefore in the large space monitoring platform can cover a large range, and keep with traditional camera system of the same or higher pixel density. Compared with the traditional discrete monitoring camera system a lot of the images, consistent monitoring of large format images more conducive to global monitoring personnel intuitive control of the situation, which is helpful for the application of large space video analysis, but also to later forensics. Shown in the following picture (picture 7), the traditional monitoring image monitoring range is small, the image number, distributed in different monitors, the picture is not coherent, logical relationship between the picture not sure, if the moving object from a camera into another camera vision, it is easy to lost, this image cannot do overall analysis of the video. And high-definition video tracker (picture 8) of the monitoring area as a whole, for monitoring personnel can be more convenient and intuitive found the problem, but also provide higher resolution than traditional monitoring. 
Advantages 4: improve degree of automation, improve equipment utilization. High-definition video tracker can implement to electronic automatic tracking of moving objects in the scene, optical automatic tracking for high level alarm events. This model relies on the traditional artificial way of monitoring to the automatic analysis, active tracking. Make monitoring personnel liberated from complex operations, and concentrate on the focus, improve the overall ability of security.

Super HD video tracker installation conditions and equipment parameters in highway 
  
Installation conditions: more than 5 meters 
  
Suggested points: need to cover regional center or edge of the middle position 
  
Scope: according to different need PTZ parts can cover area 500 m or 1000m radius 
  
Additional hardware: optional installation of infrared thermal imaging or laser light 
  
Additional software functions: optional automatic tracking, intrusion alarm, face recognition, etc

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Equipment parameters:

1. 14 million & 20 million pixel automatic tracking high-definition video camera 
Pixels: 14 & 20 million pixels 
Max perspective: 180 & 360 ° 
Color black conversion: electric infrared filter color black 
Minimum illumination: color 0.5 lux at f2.0, color black and white 0 lux at infrared sensitive 
Dynamic range: up to 100 db 
Signal-to-noise ratio: 51 db 
Automatic gain control: > 120 db 
Shutter speed: 1/1000 s ~ 1/2 s adjustable 
Compression way: h. 264 and MJEPG 
Protocol support: TFTP, HTTP and RTSP, RTP/TCP, RTP/UDP 
Backlight compensation: support 
The white balance: automatic and manual 
Support electronic through fog and strong inhibition, three-dimensional positioning, 3D noise reduction 
Support 9 video output, can define stream, resolution, frame rate 
Function: when there are mobile vehicles or person, the camera automatically capture and use the maximum resolution separate output of a moving vehicle and mobile person tracking video, up to8 independent video output at the same time. 
 Network interface: 100/1000 m Ethernet network interface 
 Working temperature: - 40 ? C ~ + 50 ? C 
 Humidity: 0% ~ 90% of condensation 
 Protection grade: IP66 waterproof and dustproof