Product Introduction

Solid-state lasers include all optically pumped lasers in which the gain medium is a solid at room temperature.

Customer requirements will differ dependant upon the type of laser, laser rod, source radiation (and source power) being employed and the particular end use of the laser. All, however, require a high reflectance material to form the pumping chamber cavity surrounding the laser rod and lamp. The efficiency in transfer of radiation from the source to the laser rod (referred to as optical coupling) determines to a large extent the overall efficiency of the laser system. The cavity walls must therefore have a high reflectivity at the absorption bands of the laser material.

Ceramic reflectors supplied by us work particularly well in Ruby and Nd:YAG laser pumping chambers and can be a highly cost effective alternative to metal coated reflectors. They are also used extensively as reflectors in housings for high intensity lamps.

* resists chemical attack

* has high strength

* has a high reflectivity over a broad wavelength band

* has good thermal conductivity and

* excellent dimensional and electrical stability at all operating temperatures.

Independent tests on our alumina have shown reflectance figures in excess of 96% (typically 97-98%) over the 500 nm to 2000 nm wavelengths. The material provides a highly diffuse reflectance, behaving as a bulk reflector of the source radiation by both reflecting and refracting light back into the cavity.

Pump radiation that has a longer wavelength than the stimulated emission does not contribute to the laser output but does heat up the laser crystal, which causes optical distortions affecting the quality of the laser output. For this reason cavities are therefore often water or liquid cooled and so need to be able to withstand the erosive action of the fluid, absorb the generated heat and remain dimensionally stable.

Our reflectors can be glazed both inside the cavity and around the outer edges using a highly reflective glaze that seals the ceramic against ingress of cooling fluids that may alter the refractive index, introduce impurities and reduce reflectance and efficiencies. Glazes can also act as filters andouryellow glazed reflectors have been used successfully in certain applications. The visible yellow colour is complementary to the spectral colours violet and indigo and effectively absorbs these wavelengths up to around 450 nm.

Properties of Ceramics

A porous alumina ceramic of 99.7% Al2O3content, used extensively for long-life laser reflectors. This material is sintered at high temperatures to achieve a controlled porosity.

Prime features

* Surfaces can be sealed and coated with a solarization-resistant glaze to give high bulk reflectivity

* 97.8% reflectance efficiency at 1000nm

* Reflectance efficiency exceeds 96% across the wavelength range 500-2000nm(see curve)

* Controlled porosity

* Good thermal conductivity

* High electrical resistivity

Typical applications

Pumping chambers for Nd:YAG lasers — low to high power, single or multiple lamp designs. Pumping chamber reflectors of this material are virtually indestructible, and prove a highly cost effective alternative to metal coated types.

Production capabilities

* Components up to250mmlong and80mmwide/diameter manufactured as standard

* Larger components manufactured to development contracts

* One-piece or split-cavity designs

* Prototype, batch and volume production

Physical properties

Color                                                              White

Bulk density (fired), Mg/m3                        3.2

Porosity (apparent), % nominal               20

Flexural strength (ASTM C1161, 3-point), MPa    150

Thermal expansion coefficient 200-500C, 10-6/C: 7.9 200-1000C, 10-6/C:9.0

Ceramic Reflectors For Lamp-pumped Solid-state Lasers

BAB– the external shape is round;

ZAB– the external shape is irregular

LAK– the external shape is rectangular but one side is concave;

EAB- the external shape is rectangular

GAZ- the external shape is triangular

Model	Length	Distance*	Hole height	Hole length	Remark
ZAB-S04-30	30	6	8	12	Rectangle + circular
ZAB-S05-30	30	7.62	8	12	Rectangle + circular
ZAB-S03	45		6	16	Rectangle + circular
ZAB-S04-50	50	6	8	12	Rectangle + circular
ZAB-S05-50	50	7.62	8	12	Rectangle + circular
ZAB-S01	59.5		8	17	Rectangle + circular
ZAB-S02	60		9	30	Rectangle + circular
ZAB205	77	11	11	22	Rectangle, single lamp & single rod
ZAB198	115	26	16		Rectangle, single lamp & single rod
ZAB146 (TCT142D)	142	27	39		Rectangle, dual-lamp & single rod
LAK283	48	11.4			Elliptic, single lamp & single rod
LAK306	48	11.4			Elliptic, single lamp & single rod
LAK317	48	11.4			Elliptic, single lamp & single rod
LAK396	70		12	21	Elliptic, single lamp & single rod
LAK046	94	9			Rectangle, single lamp & single rod
LAK396-100	100		12	21	Elliptic, single lamp & single rod
LAK396-120	120		12	21	Elliptic, single lamp & single rod
LAK396-140	140		12	21	Elliptic, single lamp & single rod
LAK311	145	32			Rectangle, dual-lamp & single rod
LAK396-150	150		12	21	Elliptic, single lamp & single rod
LAK331	160.5	27.5			Rectangle, dual-lamp & single rod
LAK391	186	32			Rectangle, dual-lamp & single rod
BAB259	64	8.5	8	16.5	Cylinder, single lamp & single rod
BAB373	71.5				Elliptic, single lamp & single rod
BAB-S06-89	89	10	9.3	19.3	Cylinder, single lamp & single rod
BAB-S04	92				Elliptic, single lamp & single rod
BAB192 (TCT97, BAB349)	97		12	22	Cylinder, single lamp & single rod
BAB311	97	12.7	15	27.7	Cylinder, single lamp & single rod
BAB275	100		14.4	28.4	Cylinder, single lamp & single rod
BAB283	100		17	32	Cylinder, single lamp & single rod
BAB299	100		17	45	Elliptic, single lamp & single rod
BAB281	100		18	34	Cylinder, single lamp & single rod
BAB228	115		12	22	Cylinder, single lamp & single rod
BAB330 (TCT117)	117		12	22	Cylinder, single lamp & single rod
BAB275-120	120		14.4	28.4	Cylinder, single lamp & single rod
BAB399	120		16	43	Cylinder, single lamp & single rod
BAB350	130		17	45	Elliptic, dual lamp & single rod
BAB492	150		17	45	Elliptic, dual lamp & single rod
BAB496	160		17	45	Elliptic, dual lamp & single rod
BAB497	170		17	45	Elliptic, dual lamp & single rod

Remark: 1) unit: mm; 2) Distance means the distance between lamp and rod in sing-lamp configuration and the distance between two lamps in dual-lamp configuration.

Ceramic Reflectors For Diode-pumped Solid-state Lasers

Description of part number: CRDP-XX-YY-Z-AAA-BBB

CRDP: ceramic reflector for diode-pumped solid-state laser

XX – internal diameter of the reflector in mm.

YY -  reflector length in mm.

Z – number of the diodes to be placed around the laser rod.

AAA – related to the cross section of the reflector such as TRI (triangle shape), CRL (round shape), PLT (plate shape)

BBB – variant for remarks

Model	Internal Dia. (mm)	Length (mm)	Remark
CRDP-12-25-3-PLT	12	25	Suitable for diode side-pumped solid-state lasers, 3 group diode bars placed around the YAG rod
CRDP-12-65-3-PLT	12	65	Suitable for diode side-pumped solid-state lasers, 3 group diode bars placed around the YAG rod
CRDP-12-115-3-PLT	12	115	Suitable for diode side-pumped solid-state lasers, 3 group diode bars placed around the YAG rod
CRDP-6.07-32.26-3-TRI	6.07	32.26	Triangle, offering FF to give better strength, reflectance would be 95/96%.Suitable for diode side-pumped solid-state lasers, 3 group diode bars placed around the YAG rod
CRDP-12.2-67-3-TRI	12.2	67	Triangle, FF,3 group diode bars placed around the YAG rod
CRDP-12.2-76.3-5-CRL	12.2	76.3	Circle reflector, suitablefor diode side-pumped solid-state lasers, 5 group diode bars placed around the YAG rod

Ceramic Reflectors For Beauty and IPL Applications:

Description of part number: CRIPL-XX-YY-BBB

CRIPL: ceramic reflector for beauty and IPL applications

XX – internal diameters or angler of the reflector in mm/degree

YY -  reflector length in mm.

BBB – variant for remarks

Model	Internal radius/angle (mm/degree)	Length (mm)	Remark
CRIPL-4.27/3.28-48/60	4.27-3.28	48 to 60	EAB-074, tear shape reflector
CRIPL-23-46	23046’	46	LAK-404, glazed, taped ends, 5 holes
CRIPL-19-48-5	19052’	48	LAK-409, unglazed, with 5 holes
CRIPL-19-48-5G	19052’	48	LAK283, glazed, with 5 holes
CRIPL-19-48-3	19052’	48	LAK306, unglazed, with 3 holes
CRIPL-19-48-3G	19052’	48	LAK317, glazed, with 3 holes

As far as the IPL parts are concerned, there are many “variation on the same theme” in order words the angle may beslightlydifferent, length could vary and some parts have no holes, others have several holes.  Parts could also be glazed or un-glazed.  We can make any parts and we could adapt the drawings to customer’s requirements’.